Dynamic simulation is an extension of steady-state simulation that allows the user to predict the response of process parameters due to changes in operation with respect to time. Some of the dynamic simulation analysis utilized in refinery and petrochemical processes to optimize the performance are - Compressor dynamic simulation, Heat exchanger tube rupture analysis, Transient surge analysis of a fire water system, Optimization of Process control systems. Dynamic Simulation is an activity usually carried out to ensure that processes remain safe under stressful or abnormal conditions.